接种蚯蚓和添加凋落物对油松人工林土壤养分和微生物量及活性的影响

Effects of earthworm and litter application on soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass and activities in Pinus tabuliformis plantation

【目的】森林凋落物在森林地上和地下养分传输过程中发挥着不可替代的作用,大型土壤动物蚯蚓可以通过取食、消化、排泄、掘穴等活动影响凋落物的分解,从而对土壤养分和微生物产生影响。本文研究了凋落物添加和威廉环毛蚓接种对油松人工林土壤pH、有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物熵(q MB)的影响。【方法】本研究通过室内培养实验设置4种处理:(1)对照(S);(2)添加油松叶凋落物(SP);(3)接种蚯蚓(SE);(4)接种蚯蚓+油松凋落物(SPE)4种处理,分别在培养后第7、14、21、28、42、56天进行土壤样品取样。【结果】结果表明:在整个培养期,SE处理下土壤pH均比同期S处理高,但没有达到显著水平(P>0.05);SPE处理土壤pH均比同期S处理高,但没有达到显著水平(P>0.05);无论是否添加叶凋落物,在各个培养期接种蚯蚓都对SOC和STN无显著影响(P>0.05)。到培养结束时,SE处理使SMBC和q MB分别降低了10.8%和10.9%;在各个取样期,SP处理土壤的SMBC和q MB较对照处理有显著提高(P<0.05),到培养结束时,SP处理使SMBC和q MB分别升高了52.3%和33.6%;在各个取样期,SPE处理和SP处理土壤的SMBC和q MB差异显著,到培养结束时,与SP处理相比,SPE处理使SMBC和q MB分别升高了19.5%和19.3%(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究表明,添加凋落物可以提高土壤有机碳向微生物量碳的转化效率,且在凋落物中添加蚯蚓可进一步促进这种作用。

[Objective] Forest litter plays an important role in the transmission of nutrients aboveground and underground in forest. Earthworm can influence the decomposition of litter by feeding,digestion,excretion,and burrowing,thereby affecting soil nutrient and soil microbial. This study was conducted to examine the effects of earthworm（Pheretima guillelmi） and litterfall（Pinus tabuliformis） addition on soil pH,soil organic carbon（SOC）,soil total nitrogen（STN）,microbial biomass carbon（SMBC） andmicrobial entropy（q MB）. [Method] Through indoor incubation experiments,four treatments were set as control（S）,adding Pinus tabuliformis leaf litter（SP）,inoculating earthworm（SE）,inoculating earthworm and adding Pinus tabuliformis leaf litter（SPE）. Soil samples were collected periodically on the7 th day（D7）,D14,D21,D28,D42,D56 after incubation. [Result]The results showed that the pH values of treatments SE and SPE were higher than treatment S in all incubation period,but not reached a significant level（P 〉 0. 05）; Regardless of adding leaf litter or not,the earthworm all had no significant influence on SOC and STN（P 〉 0. 05）. At the end of the experiment,SE treatment decreased SMBC and q MB by 10. 8% and 10. 9%,respectively compared with control. In each sampling period,the SMBC and q MB of SP treatment were significantly higher than that of its corresponding treatment S（P 〈0. 05）,and at the end of the experiment,they were significantly increased by 52. 3% and 33. 6%respectively by treatment SP. In each sampling period,the differences in SMBC and q MB between SPE treatment and SP treatment were significant. At the end of the experiment,compared with SP treatment,SPE treatment increased SMBC and q MB by 19. 5% and 19. 3%（P 〈 0. 05）, respectively.[Conclusion] Our study has shown that,adding litter can increase the conversion efficiency of soil organic carbon to SMBC,and earthworm adding in litter can further promote this effect.