澳大利亚引进甘蔗花穗在中国育种潜力评价

Evaluating the Breeding Potential of Sugarcane Resources Imported from Australia

为深入了解澳大利亚引进甘蔗杂交花穗在中国培育优良甘蔗新品种的潜力,以12个引进花穗和15个中国花穗为材料,采用家系评价法对有性杂交后代蔗茎产量、糖产量、株高、茎径、有效茎数和锤度6个重要性状的方差、遗传力、父母本一般配合力及组合特殊配合力进行研究。分析结果表明:(1)参试组合内中国杂交组合间多数性状差异不显著,且遗传力低;澳大利亚杂交组合间多数性状差异均较显著,且遗传力高;(2)澳大利亚杂交组合新植蔗与宿根蔗的糖产量、蔗茎产量、株高、有效茎数和锤度这5个性状父母本一般配合力及组合特殊配合力高于中国组合,但茎径配合力低于中国组合,12个组合中新植蔗有9个组合宿根蔗有10个组合的茎径特殊配合力为负值,多数属于细茎;(3)澳大利亚杂交组合后代材料产量及糖分较高,但茎径较细,不适合中国目前的种植制度,不能作为生产品种使用;(4)通过引进国外杂交组合花穗在国内培育出优良后代作亲本使用,为国内亲本融入新的优异血缘,有利于培育突破性甘蔗新品种。

In order to investigate whether fuzzy imported from Australia is imported in Chinese sugarcane breeding,a family trial by using12 families generated from fuzzy imported from Australia and 15 families from domestic fuzzy was conducted. The variance analysis,heritability,general combining ability（ GCA） and special combining ability（ SCA） of 6 important traits,including cane yield,sugar yield,plant height,stalk diameter,amount of stalks and brix were evaluated. The results indicated that：（ 1） no significant at more of the major traits among domestic families was detected,and the heritability was low; By contrast,the significant differences were observed among Australia families,and their heritability were much higher;（ 2） the GCA and SCA of sugar yield,cane yield,height,stalk and brix of Australia families were higher than domestic families for both plant and ratoon crops,but the GCA and SCA of diameter was lower than the domestic,9 in planting stage and 10 in ratooning stage out of 12 families performed negative SCA,respectively,and most of the progenies performed thin stalks;（ 3） Australia families outperformed on cane and sugar yields,with an inferior of thin stalk which is not suitable for the cultivation system in China,so they were not recommended for commercial breeding in China;（ 4） the imported fuzzy could be utilized potentially in breeding via hybridization with domestic parental clones,thus being helpful in enlarging the Chinese sugarcane gene pool and also breeding for elite varieties.