花生种质资源果腐病的抗性评价

Evaluation of Peanut Germplasm Resources Resistance to Pod Rot

花生果腐病是一种由真菌引起的世界性的严重病害,直接影响花生的产量及品质。通过田间自然发病对引进的77份美国资源和39份国内资源进行连续2年的鉴定,筛选抗果腐病的花生种质资源,为花生抗果腐病育种提供优异材料。结果表明:供试花生材料间的受害指数差异极显著(P<0.01),两年间的差异也达到显著水平(P<0.05)。根据受害指数的聚类分析将供试花生材料的果腐病抗性分为高抗、抗、中抗、感病和高感病5组,该结果作为花生果腐病抗性评价标准,能够明确评价供试花生材料对果腐病的抗性。综合两年抗性表现较一致的96份种质,筛选到高抗材料2份,平均受害指数分别为16.67和21.91;抗性材料6份,平均受害指数分布在26.33~42.41之间;中抗材料32份,平均受害指数在45.19~60之间;感病材料34份,平均受害指数在60.87~74.39之间;高感材料22份,平均受害指数在75.27~83.34之间。该结果为评价花生果腐病抗性和合理利用种质资源进行花生抗病品种遗传改良提供了参考和优异材料。

Peanut pod rot is a fungal disease worldwide that directly affects the production and quality of peanut. In order to identify resistant germplasm against pod rot for peanut breeding,116 accessions of peanut,including77 American and 39 domestic germplasm,were evaluated in a two-year field experiment in this study. An extremely significant difference for peanut injury index was observed among the tested peanut accessions（ P〈0. 01） and the variation for injury index between 2016 and 2017 was also found for injury index. Pod rot resistance of tested peanut accessions could be divided into 5 groups,consisting of high resistance（ HR）,resistance（ R）,medium resistance（ MR）,susceptible（ S） and high susceptible（ HS）. According to the disease index at 2016 and 2017,72 accessions showed consistent response upon in the infection of pod rot. Two were highly resistant accessions（ HR） with average injury indexes of 16. 67 and 21. 91,and 6 resistant accessions（ R） with average injury indexes from 26. 33 to 42. 41,and 32 medium resistant accessions（ MR） with injury indexes from 45. 19 to 60,and 34 susceptibility accessions（ S） with injury indexes from 60. 87 to 74. 39,and 22 high susceptibility accessions（ HS） with average injury indexes from 75. 27 to 83. 34. The results could provide reference and favorable resources for evaluation of pod rot resistance and genetic improvement in peanut resistant breeding program.