承德市第三乡林场不同林分类型枯落物和土壤的持水特性

Water-holding Capacity of Litters and Soil in Different Forests in Disanxiang Forest Farm of Chengde City

[目的]探究林分枯落物和土壤的水文效应,科学选择持水性能更好的林分类型。[方法]以河北省承德市围场县第三乡林场中落叶松纯林(Ⅰ)、落叶松—白桦—山杨针阔混交林(Ⅱ)、白桦—山杨阔叶混交林(Ⅲ)为研究对象,采用室内浸水法、环刀法以及室内烘干等方法对枯落物和土壤持水特性进行研究。[结果]枯落物总储量:Ⅰ(26.58t/hm2)>Ⅱ(25.01t/hm2)>Ⅲ(21.55t/hm2)。枯落物最大持水量:Ⅲ(56.88t/hm2)>Ⅱ(56.24t/hm2)>Ⅰ(51.91t/hm2)。枯落物持水量随浸水时间变化呈对数函数变化趋势。枯落物吸水速率随浸水时间变化呈幂函数变化趋势。枯落物有效拦蓄量:Ⅱ(46.22t/hm2)>Ⅲ(43.90t/hm2)>Ⅰ(43.36t/hm2)。土壤容重:Ⅰ(1.13g/cm3)>Ⅱ(1.12g/cm3)>Ⅲ(0.99g/cm3)。土壤总孔隙度:Ⅲ(51.89%)>Ⅱ(49.13%)>Ⅰ(41.38%)。土壤最大持水量:Ⅲ(1037.80t/hm2)>Ⅱ(982.50t/hm2)>Ⅰ(827.53t/hm2)。[结论]通过多方面比较3种林分类型枯落物和土壤持水性能,可知Ⅲ持水能力最好,Ⅱ稍弱,Ⅰ最差。

[Objective]To investigate the hydrological benefits of litters and soil in different forests in order to choose an appropriate stand type for water retention.[Methods]Different forests including Larix kaempferi pure forest（Ⅰ）,the mixed forest of Larix kaempferi and Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana（Ⅱ）,Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana（Ⅲ）were selected as the research objects in Disanxiang forest farm of Chengde City.Water holding capacity of litters and soil was investigated by using indoor immersion method,ring knife method and indoor drying method.[Results]The total reserves of litters were ranked as：Ⅰ（26.58 t/hm^2） 〉Ⅱ（25.01 t/hm^2）〉 Ⅲ（21.55 t/hm^2）.The maximum water holding capacity of litters was ranked as：Ⅲ（56.88 t/hm^2） 〉Ⅱ（56.24 t/hm^2） 〉Ⅰ（51.91 t/hm^2）.The relationship between water-holding capacity of litters and the change of immersion time showed a logarithmic function.The relationship between water absorption rate of litters and the change of immersion time showed a power function.The effective interception volume was ranked as：Ⅱ（46.22 t/hm^2） 〉Ⅲ（43.90 t/hm^2） 〉Ⅰ（43.36 t/hm^2）.Soil bulk density was ranked as：Ⅰ（1.13 g/cm3） 〉Ⅱ（1.12 g/cm3） 〉Ⅲ（0.99 g/cm3）.Soil porosity was ranked as：Ⅲ（51.89 %）〉Ⅱ（49.13%） 〉Ⅰ（41.38%）.The maximum water holding capacity of soil was ranked as：Ⅲ（1 037.80 t/hm^2） 〉Ⅱ（982.50 t/hm^2） 〉Ⅰ（827.53 t/hm^2）.[Conclusion]Based on the analysis of the litters and soil water retention characteristics of three different forest stands,it was found that the water holding capacity of B.platyphyllaand P.davidianaforest was the best,while L.kaempferi pure forest was the worst.