哈尼梯田水源区不同景观类型土壤水分的入渗特性及影响因子

Soil Water Infiltration Characteristics and Its Influencing Factors in Different Landscape Types in Water Source Area of Hani Terrace

[目的]揭示不同景观类型土壤水分入渗特性及影响因子的差异,为红河哈尼梯田世界遗产的保护及持续发展提供参考。[方法]选择草地、林地、旱地和茶园等景观类型的7个样地,用Hood IL-2700土壤水分入渗仪测定样地土壤水分入渗参数,并分析枯落物持水性能和土壤物理性质因子对土壤水分的影响。[结果]在人为影响程度不同的森林和草地生态系统内部,土壤水分入渗能力表现为:原始林>次生林>人工林,荒草地>蕨草地。在研究区的4种景观类型水平上,土壤水分入渗能力表现为:园地(翻耕)>草地>森林>耕地(未翻耕),说明人为活动对土壤水分入渗效率影响显著。不同景观类型的土壤水分入渗特征值与影响因素的相关分析显示,除园地外的其他景观类型土壤水分入渗值与土壤枯落物特征、土壤物理性质中的多个指标具相关性。[结论]人为活动影响下的4种景观类型的土壤入渗能力差异明显,枯落物特性和土壤物理性质是关键因素。

[Objective]To investigate soil infiltration and its impact factors in different landscape types in order to provide references for the conservation and sustainable development of the cultural heritage in the Hani rice terraces of Honghe Autonomous Prefecture.[Methods]Seven sample plots located in different landscape types including grassland,forest land,dry farmland and tea garden land were selected.Soil moisture infiltration meter Hood IL-2700 was used to measure soil infiltration.The impacts of litter water holding capacity and soil physical features on soil moisture were analyzed.[Results]Due to the impacts of human utilization,soil infiltration capacity of the sub-ecosystem of forest and grassland was ranked as：natural forest〉secondary forest〉planted forest,and waste grassland〉fern grassland.At the four types of landscape scale,soil infiltration capacity ranked as：tea garden land（which was plowed）〉grassland〉forest land〉farmland（which was during the un-planting season）.It indicated that human activity had a significant impact on soil infiltration.Correlation analysis between soil infiltration and its influencing factors showed that,except forthe tea garden land,the soil infiltration in the other landscape types significant related to the indices of litter and soil physical property.[Conclusion]The soil infiltration capacity of the four landscape types are significantly different,and the features of litter and soil physical properties are the key factors that influence soil infilration.