杭州市水资源承载力评价及提升路径

Evaluation and Improvement Approaches of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Hangzhou City

[目的]评价浙江省杭州市的水资源承载力,分析不同区域出现超载问题的原因,并研究破解超载问题的对策和提升承载力的路径。[方法]在国家试行的水资源承载能力评价方法的基础上,提出兼顾水量、水质并考虑上游来水情况的承载力评价方法和超载成因分析指标体系,对杭州市8个评价单元(包括主城区和7个县、市、区)的水资源承载力进行评价并分析超载成因。[结果]近3a(2013—2015年)杭州市水资源承载力趋向改善,超载和临界超载单元数量逐年下降,从7个下降到2个。超载和临界超载问题主要是由于快速城市化导致的用水总量区域差异拉大,现代都市生活方式对水资源需求明显增大,平原河网地区环境自净能力不足,部分流域上游县市水资源利用效率偏低等原因造成的。[结论]建议针对水资源超载区域和主要问题,从保障、整治、限制、监管4个方面完善水资源管理政策和措施。

[Objective]To evaluate water resources carrying capacity and analyze the causes of overloading problems of Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province in order to study countermeasures and improvement approaches.[Methods]Based on national trial water resources carrying capacity evaluation method,we proposed a new evaluation method considering water volume,water quality and upstream conditions.The water resources carrying capacity of 8 units（central downtown and 7 counties,cities or districts）was studied by the new method,and overloading causes were analyzed by a set of proposed indexes.[Results]The water resources carrying capacity of Hangzhou City experienced continuous improving in the past 3 years（2013—2015）,the number of overloading and critical overloading units（counties）declined from 7 to 2.There were four reasons for the overloading and critical overloading problems：（1） total water consumption difference among 8 units enlarged due to rapid urbanization,（2） water demands increased by modern urban lifestyle,（3） insufficient self-purification capacity in river network plain,（4） relatively low efficiency of water utilization in some upstream units（counties）. [Conclusion] Water resources management policies and measures should be improved in aspects of protection,rectification,restriction and supervision in the overloaded areas.