国际海事组织压载水公约立法发展研究

Study on the legislation development of the international maritime organizaiton's BWM Convention

全球海洋总面积约为3.6亿平方公里,约占地球表面积的71%,其作为地球最大的生态系统,蕴藏着极为丰富的资源,是人类可持续发展的宝贵财富。进入21世纪以来,伴随着全球化的发展和工业化的升级,各类全球性海洋问题日益增多且日趋严重,其中由船舶压载水携带的外来生物和病原菌造成的经济、环境、卫生和安全等问题越来越受到国际组织和各国的关注。就此,2004年2月国际海事组织(IMO)通过了全球第一部拟构建具有约束力的压载水管理制度的国际公约—《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》(以下称《压载水公约》),为了在全球范围内一致地履行该公约,IMO又陆续通过了一系列导则。本文对IMO压载水公约立法发展进行深入分析,涵盖结构及内容、发展历程和特点等方面,同时结合相关公约及导则预测未来IMO立法发展动态,为中国正式加入该公约后的充分履约提供参考。

The total ocean area of the world is approximately 360,000,000 km^2,accounting for 71% of Earth＇s surface. As the largest ecosystem of the earth,it contains extremely rich resources and is a valuable asset for human sustainable development. Since the twenty-first Century,with the sweeping of globalization and the upgrading of industrialization,all kinds of global marine problems are increasing and becoming more and more serious. The economic,environmental,health and safety problems caused by the harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens carried by the ballast water from ships are being paid more and more attention by the International Organizations and countries. In this regard, in February 2004, the International Maritime Organization（ IMO） adopted International Convention for the Control and Management of ships＇ Ballast Water and Sediments,2004 （ hereinafter referred to as BWM Convention）. In order to ensure global and uniform application of the relevant requirements of the Convention,a series of guidelines have been developed by IMO. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the legislative development of the BWM Convention,covering the structure and content,development history,and the characteristics aspects etc. Meanwhile,it combines the relevant conventions and guidelines to predict the development of the future IMO legislation,so as to provide intellectual reference for the full implementation of the BWM Convention after China＇s formal accession to the Convention.