人工合成甘蓝型油菜研究进展

Research Progresses of the Synthesized Brassica napus

利用二倍体亲本甘蓝(Brassica oleracea,2n=18,CC)和白菜型油菜(Brassica rapa,2n=20,AA)或白菜(Brassica campestris,2n=20,AA)可人工获得甘蓝型油菜。新型甘蓝型油菜不仅拓宽了甘蓝型油菜种质资源,开辟了甘蓝型油菜育种新途径,而且在芸薹属异源多倍化过程研究中具有广泛的应用。本文重点对人工合成甘蓝型油菜获得方法及后代二倍化过程中染色体、基因组、基因表达和表观遗传学方面所发生的变异及其遗传规律的最新研究进展做概述,并对近年来人工合成甘蓝型油菜在育种中的一些应用进行综述,旨在为进一步开展人工合成甘蓝型油菜的研究提供理论依据和新的方向。

Synthesized Brassica napus can be obtained through Brassica oleracea（2 n=18, CC） and Brassica rapa（2 n=20, AA） or Brassica campestris（2 n=20, AA）. Synthesized Brassica napus not only makes Brassica napus germplasm abundant and develops new approach for Brassica napus, but also is widely used in research of the synthesized allopolyploidization process. Herein, an overview of the synthetic methods, the variation and inheritance rules linked to chromosome, genome, gene expression and epigenetics in the diploidization process of synthesized Brassica napus was reported. The recent applications of synthesized Brassica napus in breeding were also summarized. The review may provide references for the research of synthesized Brassica napus.