明清之际中国文化的近代性转向--以明清学术四杰为例

The Modernity Transformation of Chinese Culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties A Case Study of the Four Academic Elites

明清之际,中国社会由古代向近代转型,文化也相应由中古形态向近代形态转轨。明清时期启蒙思想在学术上的表现,显示了中国传统文化向近代转化的趋势。中国文化的近代性并非全然由西方舶来,而是西学与中国自发的启蒙文化互相激荡、互相汇合的结果。徐光启在西学东渐之前即运用数学语言和擅长实证研究。顾炎武开始区分天下与国家的概念。王夫之阐明了物质不灭论、能量守恒论、进化史观、文化中心多元论等唯物主义思想。黄宗羲开辟了民主主义政治理念的先路。明清学术四杰是中国近代启蒙思想中提供本土资源的突出代表。

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chinese society changed from ancient to modern times, and the culture also transformed from medieval form to modern form. The academic performance of the enlightenment thought during the Ming and Qing dynasties shows the trend of the transformation of Chinese traditional culture to modern culture. The modernity of Chinese culture is not entirely transmitted from the Western, but is the result of mutual agitation and mutual convergence between the Western learning and the spontaneous Chinese enlightenment culture. Xu Guangqi used mathematical language in the 17 th century and was good at empirical research. Gu Yanwu began to distinguish the concept of the world from the country. Wang Fuzhi elucidated the materialistic ideas such as the immortality of material, conservation of energy, evolutionary history and the pluralism of culture. Huang Zongxi pioneered the road to political ideas of democratism. They four elites in the Ming and Qing dynasties was the outstanding representative of the indigenous resources for the modern Chinese enlightenment thought.