反不正当竞争法过度介入知识产品保护的问题及对策

The Problem of Anti-unfair Competition Law's Involvement in Protecting Intellectual Products Redundantly and Its Solution

在近年来的司法实践中,绕开知识产权专门制度并通过反不正当竞争法对知识产品进行保护的做法愈来愈突出。反不正当竞争法对知识产品的补充保护能够产生一些额外的创造激励,但其过度介入知识产品保护会挤压知识产权专门制度的生存空间,也会破坏其自身的固有结构,同时会助推知识产品使用者风险厌恶心理的形成并通过微妙的反馈机制实现知识产权专门制度中权利的强化。反不正当竞争法对知识产品的保护应在由客体、法益范围及除外领域等要素组成的三位一体的限制性框架内进行,即作为保护客体的知识产品须具有很强的可识别性;所保护的法益局限于相关市场范围内,而在界定相关市场时,我们可将原告正在服务的客户人群与知识产品创造时可预见的客户群体结合起来考虑;知识产权专门制度有意排除的对象不能再由反不正当竞争法来保护。

In recent judicial practice, such circumstances as avoiding special intellectual property institutions and protecting intellectual products by means of anti-unfair competition law have been occurring more and more prominently. While the complementary protection for intellectual products provided by anti-unfair competition law may generate extra creation incentives, its involvement in protecting intellectual products redundantly may squeeze breath space for special intellectual prop- erty institutions, damage its own intrinsic structure, boost the formation of risk-aversion mentality of intellectual products＇ users and enable rights＇ enhancement in special intellectual property institutions through intricate feedback mechanisms. Protecting intellectual products should be conducted in the trinity framework consisting of subject matter, legitimate interests scope and exclusion domain, i.e., intellectual products as subject matter should have discernible feature to a large extent; legitimate interests capable of being protected should be limited to the scope of relevant market and we may con- sider combining customer crowds being served with those customer crowds foreseeable at the creation of intellectual products in delineating relevant market; those intellectual products excluded intention-ally by special intellectual property institutions may not be protected by anti-unfair competition law any more.