引力波标准汽笛与宇宙学

Gravitational-wave standard siren and cosmology

双中子星并合的引力波暴GW170817及其多波段电磁对应的发现标志着多信使引力波天文学时代的来临.通过引力波探测器对致密双星并合产生的引力波波型的观测可以独立测量波源的光度距离,这预示着引力波源可以作为"标准汽笛"来研究宇宙的膨胀历史,从而提供了一种研究宇宙学的新途径.本文介绍利用引力波"标准汽笛"来限制宇宙学参数的基本原理,着重讨论各种确定波源距离和红移的方法.同时讨论地基第二代和第三代引力波探测器,以及空间引力波探测器对宇宙学参数,特别是哈勃常数和暗能量参数的限制能力.

The discoveries of gravitational-wave （GW） event GW170817, caused by the coalescence of binary neutron-star, as well as the electromagnetic counterparts in multi-frequency bands, mark the coming of multimessenger GW astronomy. By observing the GW waveform of compact binary coalescence, one can independently determine its luminosity distance, which indicates that this kind of GW sources can be treated as ＂standard sirens＂ to study the expansion history of the Universe. This provides a novel method for the research of cosmology. In this article, we introduce the basic principle of GW sources as ＂standard sirens＂, and focus on various methods to determine the distance and redshift of GW events. We also discuss the detection capabilities of constraining cosmological parameters for （second-generation and third-generation） ground-based GW detectors and space-based GW detectors. In particular, we investigate the potential constraints on the Hubble constant and equation-of-state of dark energy.