国家干预儿童照顾:理论基础、国际经验与中国现实

State Intervention in Childcare: Theoretical Foundations, International Experiences and Chinese Realities

国家干预儿童照顾有着扎实的理论基础,并且发达国家的政策实践已表明国家干预儿童照顾对儿童权利保障、照顾者权利保障和促进社会发展能够产生积极效应。中国儿童照顾领域的理论研究和政策实践均处于起步阶段,且大多关注相关主体的生存与安全保障,未能深度触及公平与发展。而公平与发展已成为儿童照顾领域的主要矛盾,集中表现为城乡儿童受照顾权不平等、照顾劳动性别分工和代际分工不合理,并衍生出年轻母亲的职业发展困境、祖辈资源受到剥夺以及低生育意愿等问题。这些问题仅靠家庭和市场很难消解,亟待国家出台公共政策进行干预。文章对此提出了政策建议。

State intervention in childcare has solid theoretical foundations. Policy practices of developed countries show that state intervention in childcare had promoted children＇ s and caregivers＇ right protection and social development. Chinese Government has not provided sound policy guarantee for childcare yet. Most of existing policies focus on the survival and security of the stakeholders, but pay little attention to equity and development. There are a series of social issues in childcare area： rural children and urban children do not have equal fight of being taken care; sexual division and inter-generational division of childcare labor are unreasonable; young mothers experience employment discrimination in labor market; grandparent caregivers＇ rights cannot be guaranteed; heavy childcare burden causes low fertility intention; etc. The solutions of these issues cannot be solely relied on familly or the market, which requires state intervention. The paper puts forward some policy recommendations for promoting the solution of these issues