鄱阳湖湿地1954～2016年水位变化分析

Water level change in Poyang Lake wetlends from 1954 to 2016

湖泊水位是影响其生态系统功能的关键因素.基于1954~2016年鄱阳湖湿地日均水位数据,选择年极端水位、年区间水位持续时间、年涨水和退水持续时间等指标,分析了63年间鄱阳湖湿地的水情特征.结果表明,鄱阳湖湿地年最高水位呈下降趋势,最低水位和水位极差变化不明显;年水位大于16.00 m的天数呈现递减趋势,存在连续性低、高水位现象,而水位低于8.00 m、10.00 m、12.00 m的天数呈现递增趋势,并且出现连续性的低水位现象;年涨水天数延长,退水天数下降,退水至10.00 m的天数呈现明显下降趋势,特别是2000年以来,退水时间明显加快.总体上,鄱阳湖湿地水位变化比较明显,特别是2000年以来,鄱阳湖湿地水位变化更加剧烈,人类有必要对当前鄱阳湖湿地水位变化引起高度重视.以上研究结果,可为鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的深入研究提供参考.

Water level pays the key role on the ecosystem function in lacustrine wetland. Extreme water level,water level persistent period,rising and falling period was analyzed based on average daily water level in Poyang Lake wetlands. Extreme high water level decreased,extreme low water level and extreme interval of water level were no obvious change. Days of water level more than 16. 00 m decreased,however,days of water level less than 8. 00 m,10. 00 m and 12. 00 m increased,furthermore,low water level persistent existed. Days of water level rising was no obvious change,days of water level falling decreased,especially,days of water level falling to 10. 00 m decreased obviously since 2000. Water level change was obvious from 1954 to 2016 in Poyang Lake wetlands; water level change was more and more severe since 2000 especially.Severe water level change leaded to ecosystem change,it was necessary to pay close attention to Poyang Lake wetlands for people. The result will help to deep research on the ecosystem of Poyang Lake wetlands.