中国对外贸易空运比例的特征及影响因素

Air Transportation Ratio in China′s Foreign Trade: Characteristics and Influence Factors

本文基于中国海关数据库、中国工业企业数据库数据测算了国内企业向各个国家进口和出口的空运贸易额比例以及可能影响空运贸易额比例的变量,并通过普通最小二乘回归和似不相关回归(SUR),对空运贸易额比例的可能影响因素进行了分析。我们发现:企业的TFP与空运贸易额比例正相关,企业的出口附加值率与进口空运贸易额比例正相关,同出口空运贸易额比例负相关,平均运输距离在全样本以及分组回归中均和空运比例显著正相关。TFP的上升在分贸易类型回归中使得加工贸易企业进出口空运比例提升最多,同时对东部地区企业和外资企业的空运比例也有显著影响;产品出口附加值率的增加在分贸易类型中使一般贸易企业进口空运比例提升幅度最大,也显著影响东部地区和外资企业对空运的使用。这些结论都能为促进我国各地区特别是内陆地区对外贸易的发展提供政策借鉴。

In this article,we use Chinese Customs Data ＆ Chinese Enterprises Survey Data to calculate the air transportation trade ratio of domestic firms of import and export to different countries. We analyze the factors affecting the air transportation by OLS and SUR regression. We find that the firms′ TFP have a positive relation with air trade proportion. The firms′ export addedvalue ratio have a positive relation with import air trade proportion,but the relation between export added-value ratio and export air trade proportion is negative. Transportation distance has an obvious positive relation with air trade proportion in total sample regression and group-level regression. When TFP rises,processing trade firms′ air transportation proportion ascends most in trade mode regression and it also has an obvious influence on east region firms and foreign firms′air trade ratio. When products′ export added-value ratio ascends,common trade′s import air trade proportion rise most in trade mode regression and it also has an obvious influence on east region firms and foreign firms′ air trade ratio. These conclusions can provide some references for the development of foreign trade in each region especially in inland China.