不同情境任务下精神病态特质罪犯的决策特点

Traits of decision making in psychopathic traits offenders under different tasks

目的:探索不同任务下精神病态特质罪犯的决策特点。方法:选取某监狱罪犯364人,最终入组58人,精神病态组28人[精神病态检核表(PCL-R)得分≥25分],非精神病态对照组30人(PCLR得分≤15分)。采用个人决策的杯子任务和两人决策的囚徒困境任务(PDG),考察两组的决策特点。统计两种情境任务下的风险和安全选项的选择比例以及合作与背叛选择次数。结果:在杯子任务中,精神病态组选择较多的风险选项[F(1,56)=4.92,P<0.05];组别与期望水平(EV)的交互作用有统计学意义[F(1,56)=3.51,P<0.05],在风险较大的情境下,精神病态组比对照组选择更多风险选项。在PDG中,精神病态组背叛次数高于对照组(P<0.05);即使在同伴选择合作的前提下,其选择背叛的次数也高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在个人风险决策任务中,精神病态罪犯倾向于选择冒险来获益而不顾潜在风险;在社会合作决策任务中,精神病态罪犯则倾向选择背叛来追求利益,不考虑与同伴进行合作,提示精神病态罪犯在个人和人际互动中均存在决策缺陷。

Objective： To explore the decision-making traits of psychopathic traits offenders under different tasks. Methods： Totally 364 prisoners in a prison were selected, and finally 58 prisoners were enrolled.Psychopathic group contained 28 subjects selected with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised（PCL-R,PCL-R score≥25）,and control group contained 30 subjects（PCL-R score≤15）. By the cup task and prisoner＇ s dilemma task,the traits of decision-making in the psychopathic subjects were investigated. The rates of risk and security choice of different situations,and frequency of cooperation and defection in the task were analyzed. Results： In the cup task,psychopathic subjects chose more risky options [F（1,56） = 4. 92,P〈0. 05]. There was an interaction effect between group and the level of expected value [F（1,56） = 3. 51,P〈0. 05],which indicated that psychopathic group was more risky than control group at the risk of disadvantage level. In the prisoner＇s dilemma game,psychopathic group was more likely to choose to defect than control group（P〈0. 05）. Even under the premise of peer cooperation,they were more inclined to choose the betrayal and gain greater benefits（P〈0. 05）. Conclusion： Psychopathic traits offenders tend to gain more benefits regardless of potential risk and betray to pursuit benefits without considering cooperation with their peers,which suggests that psychopathic traits offenders have deficits in both individual and interpersonal decision-making.