社会救助与农村扶贫之间的关系、问题及政策建议

The Relation and Problems between Social Assistance and Rural Poverty Alleviation and Policy Suggestions

社会救助与农村扶贫之间在理论上有明显分工和差异,具体包括功能定位、资格条件、家计调查方法、贫困线标准、对象识别单位、帮扶手段、制度绩效、制度风险、制度优势和制度发展趋势等方面。在当前脱贫攻坚战役中,社会救助和农村扶贫两项制度在实践中也有很多问题,这主要表现为两种制度目标和发展路径不同导致的冲突、对兜底保障理解偏差、部门间确定有效的协作以及制度的可持续性问题等。针对存在的问题,建议进一步明晰两项制度的目标定位,统一两项制度的贫困标准并同步识别,以户为单位开展救助和扶贫工作,加强部门之间的协作,关注两项制度的可持续性,以及探索全面小康后农村扶贫制度的重新定位。

There are obvious divisions and differences between social assistance and rural poverty alleviation on theory and in practice,including function orientation,qualification,means test,poverty line,identification unit,system efficiency,system risk,system advantage and system development tendency etc.There are many problems in social assistance and rural poverty alleviation in the campaign of poverty alleviation,including the conflict due to the target and development path of the two systems,the different understanding to baseline guarantee（ Doudi Baozhang）,and the cooperation between different department and sustainability etc. Based the problems above,it is suggest to further clarify the goals of the two systems,unify the poverty standard and identified together,promote social assistance and rural poverty alleviation by household,focus the sustainability and explore the re-orientation of rural poverty alleviation.