资本下乡、要素置换与农业生产体系转型

Capital Going to the Countryside,Displacement of Factors and Transition of Agricultural Production System

农地集中和农业生产职业化是工商资本进入农业逐利的基本条件,因此,"资本下乡"必然带来经济、社会和管理结构的变化:经济结构的变化主要体现为土地经营权的变更、生产方式的转变和雇佣制度的变化,社会结构的变化主要表现为"小农户"身份的蜕变和"大资本"功能的转换,管理结构的变化主要体现在社会对劳动力流动的管理、政府对土地流转的管理和农业企业对"职业农民"及农业生产的管理等方面。目前,在"资本下乡"引致农业生产体系转型过程中,还存在农民利益未得到充分保障、环境污染问题未受到充分重视等问题。应建立和完善合理的农民与农业企业利益分配机制,充分保障农民在土地流转中的应有权益,并大力发展生态农业。

Rural land centralization and agricultural production professionalization are the basic condition for industrial and commercial capital to go to agriculture for profit,thus,capital going to countryside must bring the change of economy,society and management structure. The economic structure change is mainly embodied in the change of land business right,the change of production method and the change of labor employment system,however,society structure change is mainly embodied in the change from small agricultural household to big capital,the management structure change is mainly embodied in the management of society on labor flowing,the management of government on land transfer and the management of agricultural enterprises on professional peasants.Currently,in the process of agricultural production system transition led by capital going to countryside,there are still problems such as insufficient guarantee for peasants＇ interests,inadequate emphasis on environment pollution and so on. Reasonable profit distribution mechanism between the peasants and agricultural enterprises should be set up and perfected,the reasonable rights and interests of the peasants in land transfer should be sufficiently guaranteed,and ecological agriculture should be vigorously developed.