论排球、羽毛球运动跨项选材

Discussion on Cross Sports Selection of Volleyball and Badminton Athletes

运用数理统计法和文献资料法对比排球和羽毛球专项基础动作、身体形态、供能类别和力学特点,探究两专项的异同点,为两专项双向跨项选材提供理论依据。结果显示:1)在身体形态方面:排球运动员身高明显高于羽毛球运动员,但是克托莱指数没有明显的差异,说明两个专项对体型要求基本相同,都是要求四肢较长,指距较宽,能够在制空权上取得优势的运动员。2)在基本技术动作方面:两个专项的移动动作和扣球/扣杀基本一样,但排球的扣球和羽毛球的扣杀动作存在差异,羽毛球扣杀时需要转体,前臂需要内旋,手腕需要闪腕,排球扣球时需要助跑起跳。3)在力学方面:两个专项在上臂运动中都属于鞭打动作,但存在内收外展角、内收角速度、最大伸角度、最大屈角速度以及躯干的扭转不同,这也说明了在上臂运动中羽毛球多挥动小臂扣杀,排球多挥动大臂扣球。4)在供能方面:优秀的排球和羽毛球运动员在最大摄氧量上没有差异,并且都是以有氧运动为基础,无氧代谢为主的供能方式。

Using the methods of mathematical statistics and literature to compare the basic movements, body forms, energy supply categories and mechanical characteristics of volleyball and badminton, to explore the similarities and differences between the two special items, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of two special two-way cross items. The results showed that： 1） In terms of body shape, the height of volleyball players was obviously higher than that of badminton players, but there was no obvious difference in Ktole＇s index, indicating that the two specialties requirements for body shape were basically the same, both requiring long limb, wide finger span. 2） In terms of basic technical actions, the movements of two special items were basically the same as the smash, but the volleyball spiking and badminton smash was different. When badminton smashed, it needed to turn, the forearm needed internal rotation, the wrist needed a flashing wrist,and the volleyball needed a run-up to assist in the spiking. 3） In mechanics, two special items were whiplashes in the upper arm movement, but there were differences in addiction angle, exhibition angle, internal angular velocity, maximum extension angle, maximum angular velocity, and torsion of the trunk. This also showed that in badminton, there were more forearm smashes, in volleyball,there were more windmill attacks. 4） In terms of energy supply, excellent volleyball and badminton athletes had no difference in the maximum oxygen uptake,and both were based on aerobic exercise and oxygen free metabolism was the main way.