刍议澹归今释的民族气节

An Analysis and Historical Assessment of the Celebrated Monk Poet Dan Gui's National Integrity

澹归今释初为晚明诤臣,遭奸佞诬陷,流放期间侥幸逃生,遂皈依空门,后转往韶关住持丹霞山别传寺,以诗文名于世。入清以后,作为明末遗臣的澹归却终日往返于权贵之门,与清朝权贵结交甚密。澹归此举招致颇多非议,时人、后人以此责其有失民族气节。从佛家理念、遗臣节义观、复合民族观等三个方面,基于历史客观事理和当下新民族观视角,提出澹归入清之后行止虽有欠缺,但仍不失民族大义,对此应予肯定。

Dan Gui, a famous monk poet in the early Qing Dynasty, ever fought against the Qing troops in the late Ming Dynasty and thereafter he converted to Buddhism. Dan Gui is a controversial historical figure owing to his frequent communication with the officials of Qing court, which led to wide spread despising then and after. Meanwhile, his literary collection of poems and articles were destroyed officially because of the intensely existing anti-Qing tendency in his works. Is Dan Gui a hero fighting Qing troops, or a coward, even a traitor who forgot what loyalty was and tried all his best to please Qing court？ This dispute has been lasting for three hundred years. This paper makes an analysis and evaluation of the argument concerning Dan Gui ＇s national integrity from three aspects： Buddhism notion of secular life and monastic life, integrity of surviving officials of a previous dynasty and complex nationalities, and accordingly it puts forth that Dan Gui, with his unique personality mixed with Jiang-zhe and Ling-nan features, had intricately kept the balance and essence of national integrity and hence he is worthy of a fairness.