维特根斯坦后期哲学思想对现代语言学理论的启示

Implications of Wittgenstein's Late Philosophy for Modern Linguistics

维特根斯坦后期哲学思想的理论核心是"语言游戏说"。"语言游戏说"将语言的使用视为游戏或活动,词语的意义等同于用法,各种语言活动间具有"家族相似性"。这些观点助推了西方哲学研究的语言论转向,并对现代语言学理论具有重要的启发意义。奥斯汀的言语行为理论、乔姆斯基的生成语法、韩礼德的意义和语境理论、认知语言学的原型范畴观等都与维特根斯坦的"语言游戏"说相通。

The theoretical core of Wittgenstein＇s late philosophy is language-game theory which regards the use of language as games or activities, holds that the meanings of words lie in their use and that all language activities only have family resemblance. These points of view not only promote the linguistic turn of Western philosophy but also have implications for modern linguistic theories. Austin＇s Speech Act Theory, Chomsky＇s TG grammar, Halliday＇s meaning and context theory, the prototype category theory of cognitive linguistics are all greatly influenced by Wittgenstein＇s late philosophy.