中国旅游产业政策的演化特征

Features of China's tourism policy evolution

依据中国旅游产业发展及相应产业政策演化历程,把中国旅游产业政策演化划分为起步发展阶段和不断完善阶段。以1978~2016年中国国家层面486项旅游产业政策为样本,运用文本分析法,从政策力度、政策措施和政策目标3个维度,定量研究了中国旅游产业政策演化特征。研究认为,中国旅游产业政策力度随时间变化波动较大,但总体处于波动上升态势,旅游产业政策的年均单项政策力度值呈现逐年下降趋势;贸易管制在1995年以前是主要的产业政策措施,1995年后,产业政策主要措施演变为法规监管;规范旅游市场是近40年来中国旅游产业政策的最主要目标,占比高达56%。在制定旅游产业政策时,应当注重产业法律法规建设,改变以往过分依赖通知与条例的现状;要在注重行业标准、人才培养和公共服务等措施运用的同时,不断创新财政和金融措施支持旅游业发展;增加对促进旅游产业升级、新产品供给和环境资源保护方面的产业政策目标设定。

Based on the development,China ＇s tourism industry and the evolution of the tourism policies, this study divided policy evolution into two stages： initial development and constant improvement. Using 486 national policies from 1978 to 2016 for the tourism industry as a sample,we quantitatively study the features of China＇s tourism policy evolution via the content analysis method from three aspects,i. e. policy strength,policy measures,and policy objectives. The results demonstrated that the tourism industry policy＇s strength fluctuated dramatically with time; however,it generally had anupward trend and the per policy strength decreased year-on-year. Before 1995,trade control was the most important policy measure with law supervision becoming the major measure after 1995. In the past 40 years,which account for 56% of the total time period,the regulation of the tourism market was the most important aim of the tourism industry policy. In the future,the policy should strength the development of such industrial laws and regulations so that the excessive reliance on notifications and regulations is decreased. To increase the policy objectives for supporting the development of tourism,supporting the development of tourism using innovative financial measures is necessary and attention has to be paid to measures such as industry standards, personnel training, and public services. Moreover, policy objectives,such as promoting upgradation of the tourism industry,raising the supply of new products,and protecting environmental resources,should be inculcated.