肠道-微生物群-脑轴在新生儿医学研究中的意义和进展

Gut-microbiota-brain axis： implications and progress in neonatology

越来越多来自动物实验和人类流行病学研究的证据揭示了肠道、微生物群和大脑，即肠道-微生物群-脑轴之间的有趣沟通和联系。微生物群与宿主早期建立共生关系，参与多种器官发育和生理过程，包括调节大脑发育和影响行为及神经功能。围产期多种因素会影响到新生儿肠道菌群定植，而肠道微生态失调是早产儿的常见临床表现。当微妙的协同性肠道-微生物群-脑部通信出现紊乱时，可能带来严重不良结局，包括脑发育异常和长期的神经发育障碍。

Growing evidence from animal experiments and human epidemiological studies has revealed the intriguing communications between the gut, microbiota and brain, i.e., the gut-microbiota-brain axis. The microbiota establishes its symbiotic rapport with the host early in life and participates in multiple developmental and physiological processes, including regulating brain development and influencing behavior and neurological function. Multiple perinatal factors influence neonatal colonization, and gut dysbiosis is a common finding in preterm infants. Perturbations in the delicate synergetic gut-microbiota-brain communication may have serious consequences, leading to abnormal brain development and long-term neurodevelopment disorders.