草牧业提质增效转型发展的驱动要素分析

Analysis on driving factors of improvement of quality and efficiency and transformation development of grasslands and animal husbandry industry

面对不断增长的社会对食物结构的需求以及对生态文明的渴求,如何从根本上解决"三农"和"三牧"问题,传统耕地农业已无以为继,草牧业必将逐渐成为中国农业发展的主流,引领我国农业走出困境.近年来,虽然我国草牧业呈现生机勃勃的发展势头,并取得了一些成绩,但从产业生命周期来看,我国草牧业总体上处于产业形成期,面临着巨大的挑战.依托科技创新驱动、人才建设及社会需求和国家政策的支持,草牧业发展将迎来前所未有的机遇并将快速转型发展.未来,我国草牧业产业发展应重点加快优质饲草生产体系建设、良种繁育推广、天然草原生态保护、不同区域发展模式探索及优化产业发展环境,实现产业提质增效,有效提升产业效益和产业化水平,探索一条产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的产业发展道路.

During the past several decades,the traditional agriculture structure has been unsustainable since decrease in grain consumption and increase in animal food consumption,resulting in a large number of grain to be used as forage.Grasslands and animal husbandry will gradually become the agricultural mainstream and lead the agriculture to get out of dilemma.Therefore,the cropping structure should be adjusted timely because the lower productivity of grassland for animal husbandry that is far not satisfied for human needs.Understanding how to solve the problems of＂three rural＂and＂three animal husbandry＂is of high importance for facing the growing demands for food structure and the desire for ecological civilization.Although grasslands and animal husbandry has developed vibrantly and achieved some achievements,forage grass and livestock production are considerably low and the industrial capacity is insufficient,and facing enormous challenges.Certainly,the development potential of grass and animal husbandry is also huge due to fast growing market demand in China.Our analysis showed that developing＂animal-husbandry development＂model by relying on scientific and technological innovation,talent construction,social needs and national policy support,which grasslands and animal husbandry industry will rapidly transform and develop,is an effective way to promote the forage grass and livestock production in China.We also discussed the driven factors about improvement of quality and efficiency and transformation development of grasslands and animal husbandry industry,and proposed seven principles for the development of＂animal-husbandry development＂in China,including construction of high quality forage production system,breeding and promotion of improved varieties,ecological protection of natural grassland,exploring different regional development modes and optimizing the industrial development environment.Grass animal husbandry development has reached breaking point,must optimize the structure of the industrial for the combination of economic,ecological and social benefits the coordinated development of the green road.At the same time,modern industrial development modes should be introduced to reform the traditional prataculture and agricultural and achieve a sustainable developing stage.Moreover,the society has provided a good opportunity for the transformation and upgrading of grassland and animal husbandry by the construction of ecological engineering and the protection of national food security.These will help us to realize the improvement of efficiency and quality,increase industrial benefits and the industrialization level,finally explore a sustainable development way with effective output,safe production,resource conservation and environment-friendly.