饲草料优化配比是实现草-畜高效转化的关键

Optimal formula feed is a key for efficient transformation of forage to animal products in grass-based livestock husbandry

我国的畜牧业主要可以分为牧区畜牧业和农区畜牧业.无论是牧区还是农区畜牧业,饲草料供给缺乏是制约其发展的最主要因素.本文针对上述问题,结合草牧业理论,系统论述了牧区与农区、草与畜的高效配置的途径,探讨了解决牧区与农区饲草短缺的技术瓶颈,并着重指出了通过大力发展人工草地为家畜提供充足的优质牧草是大面积天然草地的恢复与保护的有效保障,提出了高效饲草料配比是草牧业科学养畜的关键、绿色畜产品是生态草牧业发展驱动力的理念.这些理念、技术和建议对推进草牧业理论的实践具有重要的指导意义.

The animal husbandry in China can be categorized broadly into pastoral and farming animal husbandry.Grazing has long been a main form of animal husbandry in the pastoral areas.The lack of sufficient supply of high quality forage is a key factor that limits the development of animal husbandry in both the pastoral and farming animal husbandry.Natural grasslands in China have degraded seriously since 1970s due to overgrazing and global climate changes,exhibiting low productivity and poor ecological functions.Import of forages（mainly alfalfa and oat hay）from overseas（mainly USA and Australia）has increased markedly in recent years.The insufficiency for supply of high quality of forage and poor ecological function of natural grasslands are major issues limiting the social and economical development in large pastoral areas in China.How to develop a high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly animal husbandry has been a big challenge in these areas.The development of concept of＂Grass-based Livestock Husbandry（GLH）＂is novel in solving these problems by integrating the processes associated with grassland management,forage planting,forage processing and livestock feeding.More specifically,the GAH theory emphasizes that grasslands are of ecological importance with less function for forage production,while the production of high quality of forage will rely on the development of artificial pasture to sustain the livestock husbandry.Extensive efforts have been made to manage and restore the degraded grasslands,and develop artificial pasture with great yield,high quality and use efficiency of resources.In contrast,less attention has been paid to harvest,process,and store as well as utilize the forages for livestock husbandry in both pastoral and farming areas.In this paper,we discussed the effective ways to supply forage to livestock in both pastoral and farming areas.We further explored the technical solutions to improve the insufficient supply of forage in the two areas.We specifically highlighted the important roles of artificial pasture in provision of sufficient forage with high quality for livestock,thus protecting the natural grasslands and maximizing their ecological functions.Finally,we proposed that development of formulated forage systems with high efficiency is a crucial step for success in the grass-based livestock husbandry,and that green animal product is a main driver for development of ecological grass-based livestock husbandry in China.These theories and methodologies have great implications in development and practice of the grass-based livestock husbandry in both pastoral and farming areas.