可持续世界遗产:经济、环境、社会、文化可持续的优先顺序

The Priorities Order of the Economic, Environmental, Social and Cultural Sustainability for Sustainable World Heritage

经济、社会、文化、环境的可持续是遗产可持续的四大支柱。四者相互交融,但在实际制定可持续保护与发展策略的过程中,优先权有所不同。研究根据不同类型遗产尤其是文化遗产和自然遗产,分类讨论四个方面的优先顺序,并进行跨文化比较,针对不同国家的不同案例分析排序依据,包括埃及金字塔、英国伦敦国王十字车站、澳大利亚昆士兰州大堡礁的可持续保护与发展。研究结果表明,文化和环境的可持续性在大多数时候都被列为重中之重,具体的排序针对不同遗产类型有所不同,根据遗产最突出的价值决定。经济可持续性普遍排在第三位。社会可持续性一般排在最后,作为升华工具来促进可持续发展。探索普适性的排序规律,可为遗产可持续保护与发展策略的制定提供理论支持与指导。

The sustainability of economy, society, culture and environment is the four pillars of heritage sustainability. These four aspects interact with each other, while priorities are different in the actual formulation of sustainable protection and development strategies. Based on the classification of different types of heritage, especially the Cultural Heritage and Natural Heritage, the paper discusses the priorities order of four pillars, and carries out cross-cultural comparisons to analyze the ranking according to different cases in different countries, including the sustainable protection and development of Egyptian Pyramids, King＇s Cross（London） and Great Barrier Reef Queensland（Australia）. The results indicate that cultural and environmental sustainability classified as top priority in most of the time, and that specific order is different for diverse type heritage, based on the most prominent value. Economic sustainability ranked third. Social sustainability is generally at the end of the order as a sublimation tool to promote sustainability. Exploring the regularity of general suitability to provide theoretical support and guidance for the sustainable protection and development strategy of heritage.