2008-2016年兰州市0～14岁儿童伤害特点分析

Analysis of injury characteristics of children aged 0-14 years in Lanzhou city, 2008-2016

目的分析2008—2016年甘肃省兰州市伤害监测点0～14岁儿童伤害监测数据,探讨兰州市儿童伤害流行状况,为实施减少儿童伤害事件有效的防制措施提供依据。方法分别选取兰州市城市和农村各3家伤害监测哨点医院,采用统一制定的伤害监测报告卡登记就诊的首诊0～14岁儿童伤害病例;用ACCESS软件建立数据库,对儿童伤害发生的性别差异、时间、原因、地点和严重程度等进行流行病学分析。结果共收集儿童伤害报告18 574例,以男性居多(12 221例),多发生在家中(53.51%)和学校(17.41%),以夏季(29.04%)为多,伤害发生原因顺位城市依次为烧烫伤(32.95%)、跌倒/坠落(30.88%)和交通事故(11.59%),农村依次为跌倒/坠落(45.65%)、交通事故(12.52%)和动物伤害(10.79%);中重度伤害以烧烫伤、跌倒/坠落和交通事故为主,城市(χ~2=110.337)和农村(χ~2=38.080)、发生地点(χ~2=303.057)、伤害发生原因(χ~2=2 465.468)、伤害的严重程度(χ~2=162.931)差异均有统计学意义(均P=0.000)。结论应该根据当地实际情况及0～14岁儿童特点,尽早开展相应的伤害安全教育等干预控制,减少儿童伤害的发生。

Objective To analyze the data and status of injury among children aged 0-14 years at the injury surveillance points of Lanzhou from 2008 to 2016, and provide basis for the implementation of the effective prevention and control measures to reduce children injuries. Methods There were 3 hospitals in urban area and 3 hospitals in rural area selected as the sentinel hospitals for injury surveillance in Lanzhou; the first diagnoses of injured children aged 0-14 years were registered on the unified injury report card. The database was set up by ACCESS software for injury epidemic analysis of gender,time,reason, location and severity. Results Totally 18 574 cases of children injury were reported with the most of the male（12 221）, happened at home（53.51%）, school（17.41%） and in summer（29.04%）. The causes of injury were orderly burns（32.95%）, falling/tumble（30.88%）and traffic accidents（11.59%） in urban area, and falling/tumble（45.65%）, traffic accidents（12.52%） and animal injury（10.79%） in rural area. The moderate and severe injuries were mainly burns, falling/tumble and traffic accidents. There were statistical difference（all P=0.000） in urban areas（χ^2=10.337）, rural areas（χ^2=38.080）, the places where injury happened（χ^2=303.057）, causes of injury（χ^2=2 465.468） and the degrees of injury（χ^2=162.931）. Conclusions According to actual local situation and characteristics of children aged 0-14 years, intervention control such as injury safety education should be carried out as soon as possible, so as to reduce the occurrence of child injury.