2007-2016年克拉玛依市艾滋病疫情分析

Analysis of epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Karamay from 2007 to 2016

目的了解2007—2016年新疆克拉玛依市艾滋病流行特点及相关高危行为,为制定有效的预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法利用全国艾滋病综合防治信息系统收集2007-2016年克拉玛依市艾滋病疫情监测数据,并采用描述流行病学方法和SPSS 22.0软件分析数据。结果 2007-2016年克拉玛依市共报告HIV/AIDS病例416例,年均报告发病率11.70/10万,报告发病率总体呈上升趋势(χ~2=6.25,P<0.05);随年度的增加,HIV年均报告发病率2016年较2007年上升了69.80%,AIDS下降了0.48%;白碱滩区年均报告发病率最高(12.60/10万),各区差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.31,P>0.05);男性报告发病率(14.52/10万)高于女性(9.21/10万);主要集中在20～49岁年龄组、占80.28%(334/416),以工人为主、占38.22%;以性传播途径为主,其中异性性接触传播占72.84%、同性性接触传播占12.74%,同性性传播的构成比呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=28.96,P<0.05);样本来源以其他就诊者为主,占32.45%(135/416)。结论克拉玛依市属于艾滋病低流行地区,疫情总体呈上升趋势;控制性接触传播特别是男男同性接触传播的发生,是目前和今后艾滋病防治工作的重中之重,应采取针对性的、切实可行的防控措施,开展艾滋病防控工作。

Objects： To understand the epidemic characteristics of HIV/AIDS and the high risk behaviors in Karamay city during 2007—2016, and provide reference for formulating effective measures of prevention and control. Methods Epidemic data of HIV/AIDS in Karamay from 2007 to 2016 were collected from National AIDS Integrated Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed through descriptive epidemiology and SPSS 22.0 software. Results Totally 416 cases with HIV/AIDS were reported in Karamay city from 2007 to 2016, with an average annual reported incidence of 11.70/100 000 and overall upward trend（χ^2=6.25, P〈0.05）. The average annual incidence of HIV in 2016 was 69.80% higher than that in 2007,and 0.48% lower than that of AIDS with the increase of the year. The average annual incidence was the highest（12.60/100 000）in Baijiantan district without statistical difference among districts（χ^2=0.31,P〉0.05）. The reported incidence was higher in the male（14.52/100 000） than in the female（9.21/100 000）. The cases mainly concentrated in the age group of 20 to 49 years and accounted for 80.28%（334/416）. Workers（38.22%） and sexual transmission（heterosexual transmission 72.84%, homosexual transmission 12.74%） were the dominant in all cases. The constituent ratio of homosexual transmission had rising trend with statistical difference（χ^2=28.96, P〈0.05）. The reported cases were mainly from people detection for other reasons, accounting for 32.45%（135/416）. Conclusions The epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Karamay is low but getting rise in general. The sexual transmission especially homosexual transmission is the top priority in HIV/AIDS prevention and control at present and in the future. Targeted and feasible measures should be taken for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.