权力结构与协商规范：东北亚区域体系的历史变迁及其启示

Power Structure and Consultative Norms:Historical Transformation of International System in Northeast Asia and Its Inspiration

在解释国际秩序的构成上,现实主义传统强调权力的基础地位,自由主义传统认为权力不能单独起作用,哈贝马斯的协商理论则重视"说服与承认"关系在秩序建构中的作用。东亚区域国际秩序的发展与西方存在巨大差别,中华帝国(1)长期拥有权力优势和慎重使用权力的传统,并在东亚区域中心和边缘地区形成了明确的秩序原则和灵活的妥协空间。权力结构——协商规范间的平衡共存使古典东亚区域秩序长期维系。西方殖民列强打破东亚区域的隔绝性后,传统帝国秩序下的中心—边缘权力结构解体,既有协商规范也失去了吸引力,协商规范与权力结构的关系也由平衡转向依附。权力结构与协商规范没有找到新的平衡,使东北亚区域格局陷入长期动荡。如何在权力结构与协商规范间找到平衡,成为解释东北亚区域秩序发展的重要视角。

In interpreting the constitution of international order,the tradition of Realism emphasizes the basic position of power,and the tradition of Liberalism believes that power cannot be acted alone.The Deliberative Democracy Theory of Jürgen Habermas will focus on the relation of"persuasion and recognition"in the building of order.There is a huge difference between East Asia and the West in the process of international order development.The Chinese empire has a long tradition of power superiority and prudent use of power.At the same time,the Chinese empire has formed a clear order principle and flexible compromise space in the regional center and rimland of East Asia.The balance between the structure of power and negotiation norms maintains the order of the classical East Asian region for a long time.But after the western colonial powers broke the insulation of East Asian region,the central-edge power structure of the traditional imperial order was disassembled and the existing negotiation norms were also losing its appeal.The relationship between the negotiation norms and the power structure was also transferred from balance to attachment.There is no new balance has been found in the structure of power structure and negotiation norms which makes the northeast Asia pattern into turmoil for a long time.How to find the balance between the power structure and the negotiation norms has become an important perspective to explain the regional order development in Northeast Asia.