特朗普的“外交革命”与自由国际主义的衰落

Trump's "Diplomatic Revolution" and the Decline of Liberal Internationalism

自特朗普执政以来,美国淡化自由主义世界的领导者角色,背弃了美国长期推行的自由国际主义外交战略,引发一场引人注目的"外交革命"。这是美国在霸权相对衰落的背景下进行的战略调整,具有鲜明的民族主义和孤立主义色彩,其要义是将美国从世界领导责任中解脱出来,以规避国力透支。这一战略调整受多方面因素影响,自由国际主义外交实践的危机、国内社会分裂的加剧和自由主义意识形态外部敌人的缺位是其核心导因。美国的这一战略调整造成严重的国际领导缺位和国际责任赤字问题,促使国际政治及安全体系进一步分化重组,致使全球治理进程步履维艰,以自由国际主义为基石的国际秩序遭遇重大危机。

Since Donald Trump came into power,the U.S.government has shirked its world leadership and abandoned the long-held diplomatic strategy of liberal internationalism,triggering a dramatic"diplomatic revolution".Under the background of the relative decline of American hegemony,the adjusted strategy implies nationalism and isolationism.Its main purpose is to extricate the U.S.from the world leadership and avoid overdraft of national strength.The failure of liberal internationalism diplomacy,the domestic social division,and the absence of external enemy of liberalism ideology are the core causes.The strategic adjustment causes serious problems,such as the deficits of international leadership and international responsibility,which promotes further division and reorganization of international politics and security and poses greater challenges to global governance.The liberal international order is in deep crisis.