数字音乐版权、独家授权和集体管理组织:一个简要的经济分析

Digital Music Copyright,Exclusive Authorization and Collective Management Organization:A Brief Economic Analysis

本文简要探索了互联网新时期下数字音乐版权独家授权的优劣性,以及换用集体管理组织授权模式的潜在问题。通过跨国对比和经济分析,发现音乐版权独家授权有其合理和普遍性,也是强化知识产权创造、保护和应用的具体体现。音乐平台为独家代理权而竞争不足以完全打消反竞争顾虑,需个案分析独家授权。由于集体管理组织模式背后的代理关系导致面临激励缺乏,集体管理组织授权模式可能不如独家授权,建议引入直接竞争或间接竞争(声誉机制)。在缺乏科学缜密的监管时集体管理组织还会导致垄断化和暗箱操作等问题。

This paper briefy explores the pros and cons of exclusive licensing of digital music copyright in the new era of the Internet and the potential problems of replacing the licensing model of collective management organizations. Through cross-country comparison and economic analysis, it is found that exclusive licensing of music copyright has its rationality and universality, as well as the concrete embodiment of strengthening the creation, protection and application of intellectual property rights. Competition for exclusive rights of the music platform is not suffcient to completely dispel the anti-competitive concerns, and exclusive authorization needs to be analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Because the agency relationship behind the collective management organization pattern leads to the lack of incentive, the collective management organization licensing model may be inferior to the exclusive licensing, suggesting the introduction of direct or indirect competition （reputation mechanism）. In the absence of scientifc and meticulous supervision, collective management organizations will also lead to problems such as monopolization and underhand operations.