清末民初文言统一对阅读文化嬗变的影响

A Study on the Influence of Unity of Language and Letter on the Evolution of Reading Culture in the Qing Dynasty and the Early Years of the Republic of China

清末民初以文言统一为旨归的汉语改革,在加速汉语现代化转型的同时,也对阅读媒介、阅读群体、文本符号、阅读习惯的变迁产生了深远影响。诸项改革不仅助推阅读媒介向新文化书籍、近代报章、新文学杂志转向;也使边缘知识分子成为社会阅读的新生力量,阅读群体呈现多元化趋势,新文学作家的递承式阅读成为推动语言创新发展的重要因素;不仅提倡规范标点、汉字简化与汉字横排,形成辅助白话文阅读的符号书写新风尚;也促使默读、泛读成为阅读的普适方式,读者的阅读结构逐渐向近代学科体系转移,读书看报成为新的生活时尚。尽管此次改革不甚完善,却为助推国民基础教育的迅速发展贡献了力量。

The Chinese-language reformation of unifying language and letter in the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China,had not only accelerated the modernization of Chinese language,but also profoundly influenced the reading media,reading groups,text symbols and reading habits.These reforms not only boosted the turning of reading media to new culture books,modern newspapers and new literary magazines,but also contributes on making the marginalized intellectuals the newly emerged force of social reading,diversifying the reading groups,making the progressive reading of new literary writers an important factor in promoting language innovation and development.They not only advocated standard punctuation,simplified Chinese characters and horizontal arrangement of Chinese characters,but also forms a new trend of symbolic writing that assists vernacular reading.It also promotes silent reading and extensive reading as the universal way of reading.The reader’s reading structure gradually shifts to the modern subject system while reading books and reading newspapers became a new fashion in life.What is particularly remarkable is that although the reform is not perfect,it has contributed a lot to the development of the basic education of the Chinese people.