基于GIS的地下水水位红线管理方法研究

Study on management methods of groundwater level redlines based on GIS

地下水水位红线管理指的是依据最严格水资源管理制度,运用地下水水位红线指标,实现对地下水水位的严格管控。目前针对地下水水位红线管理的方法较传统,绝大部分是基于数理统计和数据分析对比技术来完成,是一种完全对属性数据的分析方法,很难精确展现地下水水位时空的动态变化特征。仅运用属性数据进行对比与分析,存在分析过程繁杂、可视化程度低等问题。鉴于此,本文将GIS空间分析与可视化技术引入到地下水水位红线管理中,分别从"点、线、面"三个层面展现水位红线管理数据的时空变化特征,并与地下水水位红线指标进行自动对比分析,完成超地下水水位红线区域的可视化预警。研究结果证明:基于GIS技术实现对地下水水位红线的管理,能更直观、多层次地展现管理区水位的时间、空间动态分布特点和地下水的超采情况等,从而提升对地下水水位红线管理的空间辅助决策能力,进一步降低地下水数据管控和水位红线分析的复杂度。

Management of groundwater level redlines based on GIS are the bases for the implementation of stringent water sources management system and realization of control of groundwater level with relevant indicators. The current measures are mostly based on comparison of mathematical statistics and data analysis that belongs to analysis of attribute data and cannot accurately reflect the dynamic changes of groundwater level in time and space. Considering the complicity and low level of visualization of evaluation process, GIS technology has been applied for demonstrating three dimensions of ＂point, line and scale＂ of temporal and spatial change of data for redline control and enabling automatic comparison with groundwater level indicators. Visual warning of groundwater over-exploitation can be realized. The study results demonstrate that GIS-based redline approach can produce data of groundwater excavation in a visual and multi-layer manner, according to the features of dynamic changes of water level in time and space. It can enhance the spatial-aid decision making capacity and reduce the complexity of data control and evaluation during the implementation of redline control for groundwater management.