有机无机肥对烤烟光合特性和烟叶质量的影响

Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves

针对江西烟叶产区有机无机肥料种类多和研究不深入的现状,选取7种常见有机无机肥,通过不同肥料对比试验,分析不同种类有机无机肥对烟草生长、产质量的影响,旨在筛选适宜烟草使用的优质有机无机肥,并为选择优质肥料提供科学依据。结果表明,金叶有机无机肥处理烤烟团棵期净光合速率为17.4 μmol/ m^2·s,烟株表现早生快发,单位面积产值最好,每667 m^2达3 967.9元,感官质量综合得分76.75分,综合效果最佳;金色时代、圣农、贝斯特处理表现早生快发,经济性状好,每667 m^2产值3 451.6~3 624.3元,但感官质量稍差,综合得分74.25~75.00分;天德、云叶、启禾处理田间经济性状一般,每667 m^2产值2 863.3~3 381.3元,但感官质量好,综合得分77.00~77.75分,说明天德、云叶、启禾有机无机肥具有较大潜力,应根据肥料粒径和营养特性进一步改进配套施用方法或改变造粒工艺。江西烟烟叶氯含量偏低,在本试验条件下,每667 m^2施用有机无机肥带入的氯离子量1.8~2.3 kg,烟叶氯含量更为适宜。

According to the present situation of Jiangxi tobacco producing areas of organic and inorganic fertilizers and many kinds of research is not thorough,choosing 7 kinds of common organic and inorganic fertilizer,fertilizer through contrast test,analysis of effects of different kinds of organic and inorganic fertilizer on tobacco growth,yield and quality,in order to select suitable for high quality tobacco use of organic and inorganic fertilizer,and provide scientific basis for the selection of high quality fertilizer. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of the golden leaf organic-inorganic fertilizer treatment was 17.4 μmol/m2·s. The tobacco plant showed early fast hair,the output value per unit area was the best,each 667 m2 reached 3 967.9 yuan,the comprehensive score of sensory quality was 76.75,and the comprehensive effect was the best. The golden age,Saint Nong and Best treated early and fast and economical. Well,the output value of each 667 m2 was 3 451.6-3 624.3 yuan,but the sensory quality was slightly poor and the comprehensive score was 74.25-75.00. The economic characters of Tian De,cloud leaf and Qi He are generally 2 863.3-3 381.3 yuan per 667 m2,but the sensory quality was good,and the comprehensive score was 77.00-77.75,indicating that the organic and inorganic fertilizer of Tian De,Yun leaf and Qi He were larger. Potential application should be further improved according to the particle size and nutrient characteristics of fertilizer. The chlorine content of tobacco leaves in Jiangxi is low. Under this test condition,the amount of chlorine ion of organic and inorganic fertilizer applied for every 667 m2 is 1.8-2.3 kg,and the content of chlorine in tobacco leaves is more suitable.