4个火龙果品种在岩溶石山区的栽培表现及生态适应性研究

Culture performance and eco-adaptation of four varieties of dragon fruit in Karst rocky mountainous area

为挖掘适合岩溶石山区种植的优良火龙果品种,筛选了台湾大红、桂红龙、紫蜜龙、呈祥一号4个火龙果品种引种到广西岩溶石山区,观察其在岩溶环境下的生长表现,为开展规模化推广种植提供基础数据。结果表明,4个火龙果品种总体上能够较好适应岩溶石山区的环境条件。从果实外观来看,呈祥一号采后品相保持最好,其次是台湾大红和桂红龙,紫蜜龙较差。平均单果重以呈祥一号最大,台湾大红次之,桂红龙居后,紫蜜龙最小。可溶性固形物含量以台湾大红表现最佳,平均可达19.6%;桂红龙、紫蜜龙、呈祥一号大体相近,在18%左右。与普通红肉品种相比,4个品种在贮藏性上都有较好表现,台湾大红、桂红龙、紫蜜龙、呈祥一号在熟后10 d内没有裂果;台湾大红、呈祥一号更是在果实转红后继续挂果20 d才出现裂果,表现良好的贮藏性,对于错开火龙果上市高峰期十分有利。台湾大红、呈祥一号在岩溶石山区表现优秀,是替代普通红肉种和越南白肉种的理想品种。

In order to find out suitable varieties of dragon fruit for Karst mountainous area,four new varieties were selected and introduced,including Taiwan Dahong,Guihonglong,Zimilong,and Chengxiang No.1. The growth performance of these varieties would provide the basic data for large-scale promotion of planting. The results showed that four varieties were all suitable to Karst rocky mountainous area. From the appearance of the fruit,the Chengxiang No.1 post-harvest product maintained the best,followed by Taiwan＇s Dahong and Guihonglong,and the Zimilong dragon was poor. The average single fruit weight is the largest on the Chengxiang No.1,followed by the Taiwan Red One,and the Guihong Dragon,with the smallest Zimilong. Taiwan Dahong had the highest soluble solid which reach to 19.6%,Guihonglong,Zimilong,and Chengxiang No.1 had close level about 18%. Compared to the normal red fresh dragon fruit,four varieties had good performance in storage,they had no fruit cracking with 10 days after fruit ripening. These characters were very favorable for staggering the marketing peak period. On the whole,Taiwan Dahong and Chengxiang No.1 could be the ideal varieties to replace the old varieties for their good performance in Karst rocky mountainous area.