内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗存在的主要牧业气候问题及对策

Affect of Climate Problems on Animal Husbandry Production in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia and Its Countermeasures

应用内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗气象局1961—2017年气象资料和历史文献资料,采用统计分析和对比分析等方法,分析了影响该旗畜牧业的主要气候问题。结果表明:鄂温克族自治旗春季天气多变,风大、少雨,常有寒潮暴发,影响畜牧业生产;生长季水热匹配差,年际间变化较大,影响牧草产量;近年牧草生长季干旱严重,畜牧业受灾严重;冬季严寒干冷,对牲畜越冬不利;气候变化对畜牧业的影响加剧,草原退化严重,并在该基础上提出了相应的防御对策。

The main climate problems affecting the animal husbandry production in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia were investigated with statistical analysis method and comparative analysis method using the meteorological data and the historical literatures from1961 to 2017 collected by Meteorological Bureau of Evenki Autonomous Banner. The results showed that the weather in spring was changeable and characterized by windiness, rainless and cold wave, which affected the animal husbandry production in this region; the poor matching of water and heat in growing season was observed with higher interannual variation, which affected the yield of forage; in recent years, severe drought occurred frequently in the forage growing season,resulting in serious economic losses in animal husbandry production; the weather in winter was characterized by severe coldness and aridness, which was adverse to the overwintering of livestock; the affect of climate changing on animal husbandry production became aggravated, and the grassland degradation was serious in this region. Based on the problems mentioned above, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.