干旱区塔里木河流域地下水生态调节与监测预警研究

ECOLOGICAL REGULATION AND MONITORING WARNING OF GROUNDWATER IN THE ARID AREA TARIM RIVER BASIN

[目的]干旱区流域地下水资源与生态环境具有紧密的响应关系。塔里木河流域是我国典型的干旱荒漠区,研究地下水对生态的调节功能以及对地下水的监测预警,对干旱区流域可持续发展具有重要的作用。[方法]根据流域地下水自动监测系统的长期监测,研究选取塔里木河上游阿拉尔、新渠满,中游英巴扎,下游恰拉、阿拉干共5个断面31眼监测井进行地下水位检测。[结果]监测显示,塔里木河流域上、中游的地下水位良好,下游地下水位较低,生态环境脆弱;地下水位最低值与最高值一般均出现在7~9月,对生态环境具有强烈的影响。[结论]根据对塔里木河流域地下水位的监测预警,为了更加有效地保护塔里木河流域地下水,要处理好流域地下水开发、保护与生产、生态用水之间的关系,提高用水效率,禁止开荒扩大生产,严格管理地下水开采,保护好地下水水质,加大对流域下游的生态输水,逐步恢复下游生态环境。

The groundwater resource is closely related to the ecological environment in the arid area Tarim River Basin. The Tarim River Basin is a typical arid desert area in China. This study on the ecological adjustment and the monitoring warning of groundwater plays an important role in the sustainable development of arid river basin.According to the long-term monitoring system based on automatic groundwater monitoring system,this research select the monitoring groundwater level of 5 sections and 31 monitoring well in Alar and Xinquman on the upper reachees of Tarim River,Yingbazha on the middle reaches,Qiala and Alagan on the lower reaches. The results showed that the upper and middle reaches of Tarim River showed a good groundwater level,lower reaches showed lower groundwater level and fragile ecological environment; The minimum and maximum values of groundwater level generally appeared during July to September,and had strong impacts on the ecological environment. According to the monitoring and warning of the underground water level,in order to Improve water using efficiency of arid basin,It is necessary to control groundwater reasonably,prohibit expanding production in wasteland reclamation,manage groundwater exploitation strictly,control the irrigation pumping well shall be strictly,protect groundwater quality,and continue to increase ecological water transport in the lower reaches of Tarim River basin,finally gradually restore the ecological environment of the Tarim River Basin.