基于产业分类的农户生计与生计产出关系探究——以西安市城郊乡村为例

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVELIHOOD AND LIVELIHOOD OUTPUT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS BASED ON INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION——A CASE STUDY OF SUBURBAN RURAL AREAS IN XI'AN

[目的]探究农户生计资本如何作用于家庭主导生计产出,为合理配置特定资源、推进乡村产业发展提供决策建议。[方法]以西安市所辖的23个具有特色产业的村庄为例,参考村庄主导产业划分农户生计策略类型,在通过离差最大化法对农户的生计资本指数确权并进行评价的基础上,借助分位数回归模型探究了农户生计资本与其家庭主导收入之间的关系。[结果]研究区内人力资本处在最高水平,自然资本处在最低水平;人力资本、自然资本、物质资本、金融资本、社会资本均值处于最高水平的农户分别为村办工业型(0.394)、特色种植型(0.070)、旅游型(0.166)、村办工业型(0.181)和旅游型(0.127);农户的生计资本对农户收入的作用及作用力大小会随着农户生计策略和收入水平的变化而变化。[结论]针对家庭收入水平处在不同阶段的农户,村庄可根据自身主导产业类型实施相应政策进行引导,从而推进村庄整体的产业发展。

To explore how farmers＇ livelihood capital plays the role in dominant family livelihood output,provide suggestions for proper rational allocation of specific resources,and to promote rural industrial development,based on 23 villages with specialty industries in five districts and counties of Xi＇an city,referencing divisions of livelihood strategy types of village leading industries on peasant households,and the evaluation on livelihood capital index for different types of peasant households,this paper discussed the relationship between livelihood capital of peasant households and the family leading income through Quantile Regression Model. The results showed that comparing with other livelihood capitals,the human capital ranked the highest level and natural capital ranked the floor level.The peasant households with the highest mean value of human capital,natural capital,physical capital,financial capital and social capital were industrial type（ 0. 394）,characteristic planting type（ 0. 070）,tour type（ 0. 166）,industry type（ 0. 181） and tour type（ 0. 127）,respectively. The effect of livelihood capital of peasant households would be changed with livelihood strategies and income level of peasant households. In view of farmers in different household income levels,villages can be guided according to their leading industry types to implement corresponding policies,so as to promote the overall industrial development of villages.