立姿上肢可及范围及其差异性实验研究

Experimental Study on Arm Reachable Ranges and Their Differences in Standing Posture

目的研究立姿上肢可及范围及其影响因素(手臂姿势、操作高度、左右手、性别及年龄)的可及范围差异性。方法搭建高度可调台架,在测量板上贴上间隔15°标尺,300名被试(男女各150人)用左右手依次完成男女各5个高度及15个测量方向的上肢可及范围测试。结果右手可及范围比左手可及范围远约8 mm(P<0.05);自然伸臂比用力伸臂可及范围近约21 mm(P<0.001);在肘高附近肩高以下高度范围,手臂可及范围随着高度增加而增大;在900 mm/1000 mm高度上,男性手臂可及范围比女性相应值远约32mm;年龄因素对可及性没有显著性影响。结论为作业布局优化、手动操控器人性化设计改善及工效评估提供基础数据参考。

Objective Arm accessibility in standing posture was studied,and their differences on key factors（ arm posture,operating heights,left/right hands,age and gender） were analyzed. Methods A platform with adjustable heights was set up,Rulers with an interval of 15 degrees were tagged on the measuring board,300 subjects（ 150 men and women） with left and right hands performed the tests of arm reachable ranges in 15 measuring directions at five heights of men and women respectively. Results The reachable range of right hand was farther than that of left hand by approximate 8 mm（ P〈0. 05）. The natural reachable range the arm straightens was nearer than that the arm straightens vigorously by roughly 21 mm（ P〈0. 001）. The arm reachable ranges increased with the height of the operating surface below the shoulder height to elbow near. Males reached significantly farther than females with a mean value of approximately 32 mm at the heights of 900 mm and 1000 mm. There was no significant difference in arm reachable ranges regarding the age. Conclusion These results can serve as a basis for the layout optimization of manual works,the humanized design,improvement and ergonomics evaluation of manual controllers.