革命、制度与劳动互助——以晋西北根据地为例(1944-1946)

Revolution,System and Mutual Aid of Labors——A Case of the North-western Shanxi Base(1944-1946)

抗战初期,中共倡导在敌后根据地开展以政府行政力量为主导的劳动互助运动,但收效甚微。从1944年开始,基于农民传统的劳动互助运动在"组织起来"的革命话语建构下得以普遍开展,作为中共革命试验场之一的晋西北根据地也不例外。基层干部在劳动互助组织内部先后诉诸民选组长、公平算账、例行会议、严明纪律、有效激励等举措。这些以行政力量为主导、与群众路线紧密结合的制度化举措,使中共在晋西北根据地最终较为成功地将农民"组织起来"。

In the early stage of the anti-Japanese war,the movement of mutual-aid of labors,advocated by the Chinese communist party under the dominance of government administrative powers in the base area,was ineffective.Since 1944,the movement which based on the tradition of peasants had been carried out widely under the revolutionary discourse of＂organizing＂.As one of pilot areas of the Chinee communist party revolution,the anti-Japanese base area of north-western Shanxi was no exception.The grass-root cadres adopted the measures,such as democratically elected group leaders,fair reckoning,regular meetings,strict discipline and effective incentives,in mutual-aid labor organizations.These institutionalized measures,dominated by administrative powers and combined with mass line,made the peasants successfully organized.