阿列克谢一世与沙皇俄国

Aleksey Mikhailovich and the Tsarist Russia

阿列克谢一世是沙皇俄国一位承前启后的君王,为俄国历史开辟崭新时代奠定了基础。他通过制订新法典、重组政府、实行军事和宗教改革,使俄国从一个野蛮落后的国家一跃成为东欧大国。通过对外扩张和吞并乌克兰东部的土地,打破俄波之间的力量平衡,为波兰的灭亡埋下伏笔。然而,阿列克谢一世改革的根本目的是巩固封建君主专制,故其西化进程难以继续推进与实施。基于相关史料,以阿列克谢一世执政初期面临的内外局势为切入点,重新梳理阿列克谢一世时期俄国的内外政策,分析改革的必要性、过程及其影响。

Alexei Mikhailovich is the czar who viewed as a link between past and future of the Tsarist Russia,for he lays a foundation for Russia history entering a new era.He committed himself to Russia＇s development rapidly from a barbaric and backward country to a big power in Eastern Europe through legislation,the government reorganization,implementation of military and religious reforms.During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich,through expansion its territory and annexation of the land of eastern Ukraine,Russia broke the balance of power between Russia and Poland,paving the way for the destruction of Poland.However,the fundamental purpose of Alexei Mikhailovich＇s reform is to consolidate the foundations of the feudal monarchy and leading to Russia＇s Westernization process more difficult.This article attempts to utilize relevant historical data,taking the internal and external situations that Alexei Mikhailovich facing in the early stage of his reign as a pointcut of analysis,re-analyzing Russia＇s internal and diplomatic policies in the period of Alexei Mikhailovich,and analyzing the necessity of reform,process and its influence.