爱德华·海德在英国内战前的游说与有限改革蓝图的失败,1640—1642

Ineffectual Lobbying in an Increasingly Divided Parliament: The Failure of Edward Hydes Vision of Limited Reform,1640-1642

英国内战前,爱德华·海德的游说话语中的问题是其无法在长期议会政治进程中保全有限改革成果的重要原因之一。海德为在查理一世与英国人民间促成政治和解提出了一种不颠覆英格兰现成政治、教会体制的有限改革方案。在1641年5月前后,长期议会的政治斗争不断激化。他在此背景下为有限改革展开的游说行动不能劝服其游说对象。首先,他长期未能直接、正面地回应许多后座议员的忧虑;其次,他后来对相关问题的直接回应由于国王与各主教不明智的行动而与现实相左。因此,长期议会中大多数议员无法接受他的有限改革设计,这使政治和解流产,并最终成为引爆英国内战的原因之一。

This article examines why Edward Hydes vision of limited reform failed on the eve of the English Civil War from the perspective of lobbying in the context of an increasingly divided Parliament.In order to settle the disputes between the king and his subjects,Hyde suggested a limited reform without subverting the government of church and state.Hydes lobbying for his vision of limited reform took place in the context of the increasing disputes in the Long Parliament,whose pivotal moment was May 1641.His lobbying was not effective for two reasons.First,for a long time he had not responded to the apprehensions of his audience directly and positively.Second,Hydes direct and positive response to the concerns of his audience was not in accord with reality because of the kings and the bishopsunwise actions.As a result,a majority in Parliament was not prepared to accept the Hydeian limited reform,or the post-Triennial status quo;this in turn led to the outbreak of the English Civil War.