“人”“地”关系:日本农地制度变迁与农业现代化

Human-Land Relationship: Japan's Farmland Institutional Change and Agricultural Modernization

土地资源和人力资源是农业生产的两大基本要素,日本农地制度从班田制至今的变迁历程,都是围绕土地资源、人力资源、生产技术、生产组织之间的关系展开的,农地制度就是关于"人"与"地"关系的制度。土地对初级农业生产者具有溢出效应,同时对高层次的农业生产者具有需求,"人""地"之间自古至今这种循环流动的博弈影响着农业技术和农业生产组织的发展,这一过程就是农地制度变迁的过程,农地制度改革在不断寻求"人""地"均衡中促进农业现代化,围绕人的现代化,进而推进国家现代化,这是历史规律发展的必然结果,也是未来人类永远不可逃避的现实问题。

Land resources and human resources are the two basic elements of agricultural production. The changing process of Japan's farmland institutional from the Formation of Handenshuju to the present mainly centers on the relationship between land resources, human resources, production technology and production organization. Farmland institutional is about human and land relationship between the systems. The land has a spillover effect on the primary agricultural producers and has a demand for high-level agricultural producers. Since the ancient times, the game of human and land has affected the development of agricultural technology and agricultural production organizations. During the changing process of farmland institutional, unceasing reform has helped farmers to achieve the unity with land and then promoted agricultural modernization, men's modernization, and national modernization, which is the inevitable result of the development of historical laws, and one cannot escape the reality in the future.