小农户:属性、类型、经营状态及其与现代农业衔接

Small Farmers:Attribute,Type,Status of Management and the Way of Embedding Modern Agriculture

现阶段小农户仍是农业经营群体中的绝大多数,他们已经与传统农业下的小农具有迥然不同的属性。尽管小农户与现代农业的发展之间存有种种矛盾,但他们内在的基因中含有不可切割的现代元素。依据收入结构的差异可将小农户区分为全职农户、兼业1型农户、兼业2型农户和非农户。因与农业利益的相关度不同,使他们在农业经营中的从业行为不同。克服小农户的局限性,将其纳入现代农业发展轨道的最有效方式是构造具有整合功能的服务组织载体,包括市场服务组织、农民合作组织和农业产业化经营组织。其中以合作经济的机制实现集体经济的创新,赋予其整合与服务小农户的功能,是将小农户与现代农业发展衔接的重要组织载体。

At present,the small farmers are still the vast majority of the agricultural management groups,but today the small farmers have different attributes from the small farmers in the traditional agricultural period.Although there are various contradictions between the small farmers and the development of modern agriculture,from the deep point of view,the inner genes of small farmers contain undetached modern elements.According to the difference of income structure,the small farmers are divided into four types：full time farmers,1 types of part-time farmers,2 types of part-time farmers and non-agricultural farmers.Because different types of small farmers have different relations with agricultural interests,their agricultural management behavior is different.The most effective way to overcome the limitations of small farmers and to bring small farmers into the track of modern agricultural development is to construct a service organization with integrated functions.It includes the market service organization,the farmer cooperative organization and the agricultural industrialization management organization.We need to use the mechanism of cooperative economy to achieve the innovation of the collective economy,and give the collective economy the function of integrating and serving small farmers.And the collective economy is an important organization platform for small farmers to embed the track of modern agricultural development.