农民工的城市融入:现状、变化趋势与影响因素——基于2011—2015年29省农民工家庭调查数据的研究

The Status Quo,Changing Trend and Influencing Factors of Rural-Urban Migrants’ Integration into Urban Societies:Evidence from CRHPS

利用浙江大学中国农村家庭调查数据库（CRHPS）的农民工样本,在采用单变量分析法对农民工的城市融入状况及变化趋势进行描述性统计分析基础上,？用因子分析法将指标体系中的诸多指标进行降维,并构建OLS模型和Probit模型考察了农民工城市融入的影响因素。研究结果表明：（1）近年来,农民工的城市融入状况有明显改善的趋势：经济融入方面,农民工的就业日趋多元化,并有愈来愈多的农民工开始自主创业,农民工家庭整体生活水平不断提高,消费结构出现了升级;社会融入方面,愈来愈多的农民工尤其是新生代农民工开始加入城镇的相关社会保障体系;文化融入方面,开始接纳城市的工作方式、生活方式和价值观念;身份融入上,愿意获得非农户口的农民工也有所增加。（2）农民工的城市融入依然存在诸多问题和障碍：在城镇找到正式工作岗位的难度增加;家庭收入水平与城镇居民家庭还有较大差距;城镇提供的社会保障还难于支撑其市民化的要求。（3）农民工城市融入主观意愿的高低是诸多因素综合作用的结果,而公平感知度等主观感受发挥着重要作用。

Based on the data form CRHPS,using univariate statistical analysis,this paper first investigates the status quo and changing trend of rural-urban migrants ＇integration into urban societies.Factor analysis is involved for data reduction purpose before methods including OLS and Probit model being used to evaluate the influencing factors.The results are：（ 1） The integration of rural-urban migrants shows a clear improvement trend.Economic integration： employment is increasingly diversified with more and more migrants turning to self-employed; their overall living standard has been continuously improved,and the consumption structure has been upgraded.Social integration： A growing number of migrant workers,especially the new generation,have joined the urban social security system.Cultural integration： They start adapting to urban life and work,as well as values of urban societies.Identity integration： The number of migrant workers who are willing to gain access to non-agricultural household registration have kept an upward tendency.（ 2） There still remains many obstacles： it＇s becoming more and more tough to find a formal job; there is still a giant gap between their income level and that of urban residents; social security provided is not enough to support their integration requirements.（ 3） Factors ranging from personal characteristics to perceived fairness are significantly associated with the subjective desire to integrate into urban societies.