美国兽用抗生素管控措施的评价及思考

Evaluation and Consideration of the U.S. Regulative Policies on Animal-Use Antibiotics

兽用抗生素的不规范使用导致细菌耐药性快速上升,造成抗生素在食品、环境中的残留。本研究分类整理了美国食品药品监督管理局等部门对兽用抗生素的安全性论证、兽用抗生素分级管理和当前的管控措施,并结合抗生素销售使用情况和细菌耐药性变化两个关键指标对管控效果进行评估。美国兽用抗生素管控措施的经验提示,中国应出台明确的抗生素使用奖惩措施,以及改善基层兽医的福利待遇吸引畜牧兽医优秀人才。

Abuse and misuse of animal-use antibiotics（ AUA） leads to the increase of antibacterial resistance and causes the residues in food and environment.This study classifies the Food and Drug Administration＇s and other departments＇ acts on AUA＇s safety demonstration,grade management,and current control measures; then the control effect is quantitatively evaluated by two key indicators（ antibiotic sales and bacterial resistance changes）.Finally,the experience of these measures of the U.S.suggests we make clear incentives and penalties and improve the grass-rooted veterinarians＇ welfare to attract the talent.