玉林市2013年-2017年麻疹疑似病例实验室检测结果分析

Analysis of laboratory test results of measles suspected cases in Yulin from 2013 to 2017

目的分析玉林市2013年-2017年疑似麻疹病例血清学检测结果和流行病学特征,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)抗体捕获法,对玉林市2013年-2017年疑似麻疹病例血清标本进行麻疹和风疹Ig M抗体检测,并进行流行病学分析。结果 2013年-2017年共检测疑似麻疹疑似病例血清1 492份,麻疹Ig M抗体阳性373份,阳性率为25.00%,麻疹阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。风疹Ig M抗体阳性15份,阳性率为1.01%,各年间风疹Ig M抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻疹发病男性高于女性(P<0.01)。病例阳性率最多的年龄组为≥8个月~组(38.26%);麻疹发病时间集中在3月-5月,占总病例数73.46%,各月间麻疹Ig M抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论开展麻疹、风疹监测,可及时发现和掌握其病毒学和流行病学特征,对消除麻疹起到积极的促进作用。尚需进一步提高麻疹实验室检测的及时性、准确性和敏感性。

Objective To analyze the serological test results and epidemiological characteristics of suspected measles cases in Yulin from 2013 to 2017 and to provide scientific basis for the elimination of measles. Methods Serum measles and rubella Ig M antibodies of suspected measles cases,which came from Yulin from 2013 to 2017,were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA） antibody capture method and epidemiological analysis was carried out. Results During 2013-2017,1 492 suspected measles suspected cases were detected,373 measles Ig M antibodies were positive,with the positive rate of25. 00%. Measles Ig M antibody positive rates were decreasing year by year. 15 rubella Ig M antibodies were positive,and the positive rate was 1. 01%. There was no statistical significance on the differences in positive rate of rubella Ig M antibody among the years（ P〉0. 05）. The incidence of measles in males was higher than that in females（ P〈0. 01）. The top positive rate were ≥8 months group（ 38. 26%）. The onset time of measles was concentrated in March-May（ 73. 46%）,and the positive rate of measles Ig M antibody in each month was statistically significant（ P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Carrying out measles and rubella monitoring can help us find its virology and epidemiological characteristics in time,and it may play a positive role in promoting measles elimination. In addition,it is still necessary to further improve the timeliness,accuracy and sensitivity of measles laboratory tests.