间接征收三题——兼论《外国投资法(草案)》间接征收制度之设计

Three Issues of Indirect Expropriation——On the Design of Indirect Expropriation System in Foreign Investment Law(Draft)

《外国投资法(草案)》第111条征收条款忽略了近年来作为国际投资法领域争议焦点之一的间接征收问题。间接征收条款应当解决三个主要问题:间接征收与相关概念的区分;间接征收的认定标准和间接征收的例外。间接征收源于政府的管理行为,根据政府行为是否具有公共利益以及公共利益的大小,相关行为可以区分为合法的间接征收、非法的间接征收和不构成间接征收的无需补偿的政府管理行为。间接征收的认定应当兼顾行为效果和性质标准,在此基础上运用比例原则并同时确定补偿数额。除此之外,还应当规定例外条款将无需补偿的政府管理行为排除在间接征收之外。

One of the major drawbacks of article 111 of Foreign Investment Law（Draft） is not involving the issue of indirect expropriation which is one of the foci in the field of international investment law. To design the indirect expropriation system should resolve three main issues,which include the distinction of indirect expropriation with related concepts,the determination of indirect expropriation and the exceptions to indirect expropriation. Indirect expropriation originates from the management behavior of the government. According to the factor of public interest,related actions can be divided into illegal indirect expropriation,legal indirect expropriation and the management behavior of the government which does not constitute indirect expropriation. The determination of indirect expropriation and the calculating of compensation should base on effect and purpose criteria and the principle of proportionality. Besides,it should provide the exception clause to exclude noncompensatory government management behavior from indirect expropriation.