情境变化感知与自我认知调整:临退休专业人员工作动机探究——基于扎根理论的分析

The Perception of Situation Changes and the Adjustment of Self-awareness: A Study on Work Motivation of Professional Near Retirement Based on Grounded Theory

相较于年轻员工,临退休专业人员具有经验和知识上的优势,其掌握的经验和技能对企业内部代际知识的流动和社会"人口红利"的延长都具有重大意义,然而目前中国企业和学术界对其重视程度还十分不够。充分了解企业中临退休专业人员的工作动机和工作状态,并制定相应的激励措施,可以有效开发利用其人力资本,增加人力资源供给和改善我国人力资本结构性短缺。基于理论抽样,运用扎根理论研究方法 ,本文提炼出情境变化的知觉、自我认知的调整、工作动机、工作表现和退休选择与规划五个主范畴,并在此基础上构建出临退休专业人员工作动机变化的理论模型。研究发现:(1)临退休员工面临的各种情境的变动会影响他们的工作动机;(2)员工自身身体情况的变化以及员工的个人特性会影响其自我认知,进而影响其工作动机;(3)临退休员工的工作动机在维度上呈现出异质性,并发现了具有中国特色的"奉献动机"维度;(4)临退休员工的工作动机会影响员工退休选择及退休后规划。

Compared to young workers, professionals near retirement have advantages for experience and knowledge, whose experience and skills are of great significance to the flowing of knowledge within the enterprise as well as the extension of social ＂demographic dividend＂. At present, however, enterprises and our academic circles haven＇t paid enough attention to professionals near retirement. To fully understand work motivation and work status of these professionals near retirement in enterprise and to formulate corresponding incentives can effectively foster the development and utilization of its human capital, increase the supply of human resources as well as improve the structural shortage of human capital in our country. Based on theoretical sampling, and grounded theory, this paper extracts five main categories including the perception of situation changes, the adjustment of self-awareness, work motivation, job performance, and retirement choice and plan after retirement. On the basis of these five main categories, we build a theoretical model on work motivation change of professional near retirement. Our research shows that： （1） the change of situation which professional near retirement are in influences the work motivation of professional near retirement; （2） the change of employees＇ physical condition and personal characteristics of employees will affect their self-awareness and thus affect their work motivation; （3） professionals near retirement present different level of work motivation in various dimension. Besides, we find un tmique dimension--contribution motive; （4） work motivation of professional near retirement will affect the employee＇s retirement options and plan after retirement.