小麦叶面喷施微肥对籽粒中矿物元素的影响分析

Effects of Leaf Spraying Fertilizer on Mineral Elements in Wheat Grain

在人体和动植物的生长发育过程中,铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)3种微量元素起着重要的作用。为了提高小麦籽粒中Fe、Zn、Se元素的含量及进一步分析叶面喷施Fe、Zn、Se肥及其组合对籽粒中Fe、Zn、Se以及其他矿物元素含量的影响,并寻求生产上最适宜的叶面喷施组合,采用不同浓度的硫酸亚铁(Fe肥)、硫酸锌(Zn肥)和亚硒酸钠(Se肥)及其组合对小麦品种北京0045(BJ0045)进行叶面喷施处理。结果表明,叶面喷施Fe、Zn、Se肥均能显著提高BJ0045籽粒中Fe、Zn、Se元素的含量;Fe与Se能够相互促进吸收,Zn能够促进Se与Fe的吸收,Se对Zn有抑制作用;不同的叶面喷施组合处理中,Fe/Zn/Se三者混合肥的使用能显著提高籽粒中Fe、Zn、Se元素的含量,同时发现不同的叶面喷施组合的施用对籽粒中Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn、P矿物元素的吸收也有不同的影响。

Iron（Fe）,zinc（Zn）and selenium（Se）are essential trace mineral elements in the organism and play an important role in the growth and development of plants,animals and human body. This work is to increase the contents of Fe,Zn and Se in wheat grain and further analyze the effects of iron,zinc,selenium fertilizer and their combinations on the contents of iron,zinc,selenium and other mineral elements in wheat grain,meanwhile to explore the most appropriate combination of foliar spraying. We used different concentration of Fe（ferrous sulfate）,Zn（zinc sulfate）and Se（sodium selenite）fertilizers and their combinations to be sprayed to the leaves of wheat cultivar BJ0045.The results showed that spraying Fe,Zn and Se fertilizers significantly increased the contents of Fe,Zn and Se in BJ0045 grain. Fe and Zn promoted each other＇s absorption. Zn enhanced the absorption of Se and Fe,whereas Se inhibited Zn absorption slightly. The mixed Fe/Zn/Se fertilizer significantly raised the content of Fe,Zn and Se in wheat grain among all combinations. we also found that the different combinations of foliar spray affected differently the absorptions of Ca,Mg,Cu,Mn,and P mineral elements in the grain.