从谐声层级和声符异读看百年来的上古复辅音构拟

Xiesheng（谐声）Hierarchies and Variant Pronounciations of Phonetic Component and the Reconstruction of Old Chinese Clusters of Past a Hundred Years

文章重点从语言中异读产生的必然性，以及早期汉语、汉字的特点等角度，论证早期汉语和汉字有大量异读，有些异读后来读音相差悬殊；试图从异读的角度检验既有上古声母研究中有关谐声原则和复辅音构拟。由此推论：既往所认定的例外谐声，儿乎都是合乎语音相通通例的谐声，不是例外谐声；看作例外谐声，是对象形、指事、会意阶段汉字的一字多用、一字多音现象的严重忽视。汉字的谐声系列几乎没有例外谐声，读音例外相通是谐声字的主谐字还没有做声符的时候，那时谐声字还没有产生，这些极少数将用作主谐字的字就有声母相远的异读。应该区分一字多音的始现时代和谐声字的造字时代，谐声字的造字时代晚于一字多音的始现时代，根据所谓的“例外谐声”构拟一个共时的复辅音系统，违背了科学的历史观和系统观。

This article focuses on the inevitability of variant pronounciations in language and the features of early Chinese and Chinese characters,demonstrating that there are a large number of variant pronounciations in early Chinese and Chinese characters,some of which differ greatly from each other afterwards;and attempts to test the existing study of xiesheng(谐声)principle and reconstruction of clusters in old Chinese.From this we can know:almost all of the past identified xiesheng exceptions are in fact normal,not exceptions;treating them as exceptions is a serious neglect of the phenomen that one character could have different uses and different pronouciations in the xiangxing(象形),zhishi(指事)and huiyi(会意)stages.There is almost no exception in the phonetic series.The so-called‘exception’is the result of the variant pronunciations with very different initials of zhuxiezi(主谐字)when xiesheng characters were not generated yet.It is necessary to distinguish the era when variant pronounciations began to appear and when xiesheng characters were generated.The generation of xiesheng characters was later.To reconstruct a coherent complex onset system according to the so-called‘xiesheng exception’is contrary to the scientific view of history and system.